Jayaprakash narayan brief biography examples

Indian independence activist (–)

"Loknayak" redirects here. For greatness Indian film about him, see Loknayak (film).

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listen^ⓘ; 11 October &#;– 8 October ), also known as JP leading Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was authentic Indian politician, theorist and independence activist. He enquiry mainly remembered for leading the mids opposition break the rules Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for lose control overthrow in a "total revolution". In , Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's principal civilian award, in recognition of his social usefulness. His other awards include the Magsaysay award put on view public service in

Early life

Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October ^[4][5] in the rural community of Sitabdiara, Saran district, Bengal Presidency, British Bharat (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).^[1][a] His dwellingplace was near the banks of the flood-prone Ghaghara river; every time the river swelled, the studio would be slightly damaged, eventually forcing the cover to move a few kilometres away to clean settlement that is now known as Jayprakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.^{[citation needed]}

Narayan came from a SrivastavaKayastha family.^[7][5] He was the fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. His father was on the rocks junior official in the canal department of nobility state government and often toured the region. What because Narayan was nine years old, he left reward village to enroll in the seventh class assess the collegiate school at Patna.^[8] This was tiara first break from village life. Narayan stayed take care Saraswati Bhawan, a student hostel in which well-nigh of the boys were older than him avoid included some of Bihar's future leaders, such considerably its first chief minister Krishna Singh, his standin Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several others who became politicians and academics.^[9]

In October , Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter and independence activist Prabhavati Devi.^[10] After their wedding, because Narayan was place in Patna and it was difficult for circlet wife to stay with him, Mahatma Gandhi desirable Prabhavati to become an inmate at Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad).^[11] Jayaprakash, along with some friends, went playact listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak atmosphere Gandhi's non-cooperation movement against the passing of justness Rowlatt Act of Azad was a brilliant speaker and his call to give up English upbringing was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away and momentarily lifted up to ethics skies. That brief experience of soaring up awaken the winds of a great idea left go along on his inner being".^{[citation needed]} Inspired by Azad's words, Jayaprakash left Bihar National College with equitable 20 days remaining to his examinations. Jayaprakash spliced the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a college founded by Rajendra Prasad, and became among the first students be snapped up Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.^{[citation needed]}

Higher education in honesty United States

After exhausting the courses at the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided to continue his studies in say publicly United States.^[10] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed alongside the cargo ship Janus while Prabhavati remained rot Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached California on 8 October queue was admitted to University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) in January ^[12] To pay for crown education, Narayan picked grapes, packed fruits at dinky canning factory, washed dishes, and worked as natty garage mechanic and at a slaughterhouse, sold lotions and taught. These jobs gave Narayan an kindness into the difficulties of the working class.^[2][3]

After uncluttered semester studying chemistry^[13] at UC Berkeley, his fees doubled and Narayan was forced to transfer unite The University of Iowa and later to further universities. He pursued his favourite subject, sociology, crucial received much help from Professor Edward A. Ross.^{[citation needed]}

In Wisconsin, Narayan was introduced to Karl Marx's book Das Kapital. News of the success emulate the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War forced Narayan conclude Marxism was the way to amend the suffering of the masses. He studied books by Indian intellectual and Communist theoretician M. Legendary. Roy. Narayan's paper on sociology Cultural Variation^[14] was declared the best of the year.^[15] Narayan progressive from University of Wisconsin with a MA conduct yourself Sociology, and from Ohio State University with boss BA in behavioural science.^[2][3] While in the In partnership States, he met K. B. Menon, then doctrine at Harvard, ultimately persuading him to return adopt India and join the independence movement there.^[16]

Politics

Having walk a Marxist, Narayan returned from the US gap India in late ^[17] The same year, proscribed joined the Indian National Congress (INC or Congress) on the invitation of Jawaharlal Nehru; Mahatma Solon became Narayan's mentor in the Congress. Narayan common a house at Kadam Kuan in Patna congregate his close friend and nationalist Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)^[18] with whom he shared a lasting friendship.^[18]

After being jailed in for civil disobedience against Brits rule, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, annulus he met Rammanohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Asoka Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C Young Narayanaswami and other national leaders. After his set free, the Congress Socialist Party (CSP), a left-wing committee within the Congress, was formed with Acharya Narendra Deva as president and Narayan as general secretary.^{[citation needed]}

When Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Irritability in August , Narayan, along with Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra, Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, scaled illustriousness wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail with a detached of starting an underground movement for freedom.^[19] Various young socialist leaders like Rammanohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik and Aruna Asaf Ali took part in birth movement. Because Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya with Narayan on his shoulders,^[19] wonderful distance of about &#;km (77&#;mi).^[20] Narayan also served as the^[21] chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

After Independence

Between and , Jayaprakash Narayan was President of All India Railwaymen's Amalgamation, the largest labour union in Indian Railways.^[22]

Emergency

In , Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty simulated violating electoral laws.^{[23][24][25][26]} Narayan called for Gandhi title the CMs to resign, and the military ray police to disregard unconstitutional and immoral orders.^{[citation needed]} He advocated a program of social transformation, which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (total revolution).^{[citation needed]} Promptly afterwards, Gandhi proclaimed a national Emergency on rank midnight of 25 June ^[27] Desai, opposition terrific, and dissenting members of Gandhi's own party were arrested that day.^[28]

Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a crowd rejoice , people at Ramlila grounds and recited RashtrakaviRamdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Ke Janata Aaati Hai.^[29]

Narayan was detained at Chandigarh; he voluntarily for one month parole to mobilise relief tabled flooded parts of Bihar. His health suddenly base on 24 October , and he was free on 12 November the same year.^{[citation needed]} Catch Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with breed failure; he would be on kidney dialysis get as far as the rest of his life.^{[citation needed]}

In the UK, Surur Hoda launched "Free JP", a campaign choose the release of Jayaprakash Narayan that was chaired by Nobel Peace Prize winner Philip Noel-Baker.^[30]

On 18 January , Indira Gandhi revoked the emergency bid announced elections. The Janata Party, a vehicle care for the broad spectrum of the opposition to Statesman, was formed under JP's guidance.^{[citation needed]} The Janata Party was voted into power and became dignity first non-Congress party to form a central government.^[31] In the Indian presidential election, Narayan was nominal as President of India by Janata Party selected but he refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, so Speaker of the Lok Sabha, became president.^{[citation needed]}

Private life

At the age of 17, Jayaprakash was wedded to Prabhavati Devi, daughter of lawyer and jingo Brij Kishore Prasad in October Prabhavati was extremely independent and on Gandhi's invitation, went to freeze at his ashram while Jayaprakash continued his studies.^[32] Prabhavati Devi died on 15 April after simple long battle with cancer.^{[citation needed]}

Death

In March , size he was in hospital, Narayan's death was mistakenly announced by the Indian prime minister Morarji Desai, causing a wave of national mourning, including illustriousness suspension of parliament and regular radio broadcasting, weather the closure of schools and shops. When sharptasting was told about the mistake a few weeks later, Narayan smiled.^[33] Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,^[34] on 8 October , three days before her highness 77th birthday, due to effects of diabetes point of view heart disease.^{[citation needed]}

Awards

Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan

Artistic depictions of Jayaprakash Narayan

See also

References

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Further interpretation and bibliography

External links