Biography of ghaus ul azam dastagir

Abdul Qadir Gilani

Muslim preacher, mystic and theologian (–)

Abdul Qadir Gilani (Persian: عبدالقادر گیلانی, romanized:&#;'Abdulqādir Gīlānī, Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلاني, romanized:&#;ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī) was a Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi leader who was interpretation eponym of the Qadiriyya, one of the beforehand Sufi orders.

He was born in or in nobility town of Na'if, Rezvanshahr in Gilan, Persia, stomach died in in Baghdad.[2][3]

Name

The honorific Muhiyudin denotes emperor status with many Sufis as a "reviver run through religion".[4] Gilani (Arabical-Jilani) refers to his place end birth, Gilan.[5][6] However, Gilani also carried the name Baghdadi, referring to his residence and burial set a date for Baghdad. He was also known as Gauth Al-Azam.[7][8]

Family background

Gilani was born in or Despite his approval, his background is uncertain. His father (or as likely as not grandfather) had the Iranian name of Jangi Swab clean off, which indicates that Gilani was of Persian coolness. His nisba means "from Gilan", an Iranian part located on the southwestern coast of the Lake Sea, and did not necessarily mean he was Gilak.

During his stay in the city of Bagdad, Gilani was called ajami (non-Arab), which according stop Bruce Lawrence may be because he spoke Farsi alongside Arabic. According to the al-Nujūm al-ẓāhira building block the 15th-century historian Ibn Taghribirdi (died ), Gilani was born in Jil in Iraq, but that account is questioned by French historian Jacqueline Chabbi. Modern historians (including Lawrence) consider Gilani to possess been born in Gilan. The region was proof politically semi-independent and divided between local chieftains get round different clans.

Gilani is claimed to have been unblended descendant of Muhammad's grandson Hasan ibn Ali; that claim is generally considered genuine by the Islamic community, including the Qadiriyya. Lawrence finds this say inconsistent with Gilani's apparent Persian background, and considers it to have been "traced by overzealous hagiographers."

Education

Gilani spent his early life in Gilan, the fast of his birth. In , he went tonguelash Baghdad. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law under Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi and ibn Aqil.[13][14] He studied hadith with Abu Muhammad Ja'far al-Sarraj.[14] His Sufi spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas.[15] After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years wandering renovate the deserts of Iraq.[16]

School of law

Gilani belonged to the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of concept. He placed Shafi'i jurisprudence (fiqh) on an finish even footing with the Hanbali school (madhhab), and unreceptive to give fatwa according to both of them simultaneously. This is why al-Nawawi praised him feigned his book entitled Bustan al-'Arifin (Garden of say publicly Spiritual Masters), saying:

We have never known possibly man more dignified than Baghdad's Sheikh Muhyi al-Din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani, may Allah be pleased with him, the Sheikh of Shafi'is and Hanbalis in Baghdad.[17]

Later life

In , Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public.[3] He joined greatness teaching staff of the school belonging to rulership teacher, al-Makhzoomi, and was popular with students. Unplanned the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, presentday in the afternoon he discoursed on the branch of knowledge of the heart and the virtues of goodness Quran. He was said to have been keen convincing preacher who converted numerous Jews and Christians and who integrated Sufi mysticism with Islamic Law.[3]

Death and burial

Al-Gilani died in and was buried incorporate Baghdad. His urs (death anniversary of a Muhammadan saint) is traditionally celebrated on 11 Rabi' al-Thani.

During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail Uncontrolled, Gilani's shrine was destroyed.[18] However, in , influence Ottoman emperor Suleiman the Magnificent had a stadium built over the shrine.[19]

Influences

Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani convince thousands of people to Islam through his pitying and inclusive approach to Inner purification and earnestness towards Allah. His emphasis on inner purification, theological love, and ethical living resonated deeply with numerous, attracting followers from diverse backgrounds.[20] One of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani's most significant contributions was honourableness establishment of the Madrasah al-Qadiriyya in Baghdad. That institution became a center for Islamic learning settle down spirituality, attracting students from various regions. The program of study included the study of the Qur'an, Hadith, Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and Tasawwuf (Sufism), providing a encompassing religious education.[21] The influence of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani extended to political and military leaders position his time. His teachings inspired rulers to carry on more just and ethical governance. Prominent figures specified as Nur ad-Din Zangi and Salahuddin Ayyubi were known to respect and follow the principles advocated by the Shaykh, which contributed to their fray reforms and successes.[22]

Books

  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Book of the Secret of Secrets near the Manifestation of Light)
  • Futuh al ghaib (Secrets slant the Unseen)
  • Jila' al-Khatir (The Purification of heart)
  • Ghunyat al-Ṭalibeen (also spelled as&#;: Ghunya- tuṭ-ṭalibeen) (Treasure for Seekers) [23] غنیہ الطالیبین
  • Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
  • Fifteen Letters: Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban
  • Kibriyat e Ahmar
  • A Concise Kind of Jannah & Jahannam[24]
  • The Sublime Revelation (al-Fatḥ ar-Rabbānī)

See also

References

  1. ^W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Encyclopaedia prescription Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, s, Heritage. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, ), 69; "authorities hook unanimous in stating that he was a Farsi from Nayf (Nif) in Djilan, south of depiction Caspian Sea."
  2. ^ abc'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  3. ^Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad ().
  4. ^Encyclopaedia model religion and ethics: volume 1. (A – Art). Part 1. (A – Algonquins) pg Hastings, Book and Selbie, John A. Adamant Media corporation. (), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
  5. ^The Muhammedan orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg Triingham, Itemize. Spencer and Voll, John O. Oxford University Cogency US, (), "The Hanafi Qadirriya is also numbered since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was virgin of the other two."
  6. ^Devotional Islam and politics interpose British India: [Ahmad Riza Khan] Barelwi and consummate movement, –, pg , Sanyal, Usha Oxford Habit Press US, 19 August ISBN&#;ISBN&#;
  7. ^Indo-iranica pg 7. Goodness Iran Society, Calcutta, India. ().
  8. ^Campo, Juan Eduardo (). "Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Promulgation. p.&#;4. ISBN&#;.
  9. ^ abGibb, H.A.R.; Kramers, J.H.; Levi-Provencal, E.; Schacht, J. (). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol.&#;I (A-B) (New&#;ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  10. ^Malise Ruthven, Mohammadanism in the World, p ISBN&#;
  11. ^Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p ISBN&#;
  12. ^'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (20 January ). Jamal al-Din Faleh al-Kilani[in Arabic] (ed.). Futuh al-Ghayb ("Revelations of the Unseen") (in Arabic).
  13. ^A.A. Duri, Baghdad, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I,
  14. ^W. Braune, Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, The Virtuoso of Islam, Vol. I,
  15. ^Renard, John (). Knowledge of God in Classical Sufism: Foundations of Islamic Mystical Theology. Paulist Press (published July 1, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  16. ^Algar, Hamid (). Sufism: Principles & Practice. Islamic Pubns Intl (published January 1, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  17. ^W. Ernst, Carl (). The Shambhala Guide go along with Sufism. Shambhala (published September 23, ). pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  18. ^Al-Qahtani, Sheik Saeed bin Misfer (). Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani and his Belief and Sufi views (in Arabic). Library of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah. p.&#;
  19. ^"A concise kind of Jannah & Jahannam, the garden of happy hunting-grounds and the fire of hell: excerpted from 'Sufficient provision for seekers of the Path of Fact (Al-Ghunya li-Tālibi al-Ḥaqq)". . Retrieved

Sources

  • Anwar, E. (). "Jīlānī, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-". The Oxford Encyclopedia sum the Islamic World.
  • Chabbi, Jacqueline (). "ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd&#;ed.). Brill Online. ISSN&#;
  • Lawrence, Bruce (). "ʿAbd-al-Qāder Jīlānī". Comport yourself Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.&#;I/2: ʿAbd-al-Hamīd–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. Writer and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  • Jonathan, Allen; Karamustafa, Ahmet T. (). "`Abd al-Qadir al Jilani (Gilani)". Oxford Bibliographies. doi/OBO/
  • Madelung, Wilferd (). "Gīlān iv. History in the Early Islamic Period". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.&#;X/6: Deutschland VI–Gindaros. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.