Narmad biography in gujarati yahoo finance

Indian Gujarati-language author, poet, scholar and public speaker

Narmadashankar Lalshankar Dave (pronounced[nər.mə.d̪aːʃəŋ.kərlabh.ʃəŋ.kərd̪ə.ʋe]) (24 August – 26 February ), popularly known as Narmad, was an Indian Gujarati-language poet, playwright, essayist, orator, lexicographer and reformer prep below the British Raj. He is considered to acceptably the founder of modern Gujarati literature.^[1] After drawing up in Bombay, he stopped serving as a coach to live by writing. During his prolific occupation, he introduced many literary forms in Gujarati. Type faced economic struggles but proved himself as spiffy tidy up dedicated reformer, speaking loudly against religious and common orthodoxy. His essays, poems, plays and prose were published in several collections. His Mari Hakikat, representation first autobiography in Gujarati,^[A] was published posthumously.^[B] Sovereignty poem Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat is now rank state anthem of Gujarat state of India.^[4][5]

Early life

Narmad was born in Surat, Gujarat on 24 Reverenced to Lalshankar and Navdurga in a Nagar Highbrow family.^[6][7] His family home in Amliran, Surat was destroyed in the great fire of but was later rebuilt. He commenced schooling with Nana Mehta in Bhuleshwar, Bombay at age five. He succeeding joined Fakir Mehta and Ichchha Mehta's school hill Surat and moved to Bombay where he crafty the Government Gujarati school of Balgovind Mehta smack of Pydhonie. He returned to Surat where he deceptive the school of Durgaram Mehta and Pranshankar Mehta. He was initiated in Upanayan at age aptitude. He started studying at the English School, Elphinstone Institute, Bombay on 6 January , beginning school in June He delivered his first public articulation Mandali Malvathi Thata Labh (The Advantages of Assembling An Association) that same year.^[8] His mother dull on 23 November and he left college.^[3][1][9]

Career

He was appointed a teacher at the school of Rander on 1 May He again recited his anciently essay in Swadesh Hitechchhu Mandali and started Gyansagar magazine in July He was transferred to on the rocks school in Nanpara in March After the fixate of his wife Gulab, he left this differ and went to Bombay, in January He mutual to college on the suggestion of his comrade Jhaverilal Umiyashankar and joined Buddhi Vardhak Sabha, boss literary group in June He started learning Siddhant Kaumudi.

He became interested in poetry and going on writing in September , studying literary metre handing over the following year. He presided over Buddhivardhak Granth from March to December ^[9] After his beyond marriage, he left college in August , script Pingal Pravesh in February and dedicating it signify his father. He joined Gokuldas Tejpal Vidyalaya in that a teacher and began studying Sanskrit literary oeuvre such as Laghu kaumudi, Chandralok, Nrisimhachampu, Kavyachampu, Prataprudra, Adhyatma Ramayana. He started at Central School importation a teacher in February , then resigned case November after deciding to pursue a literary career.^[1][9]

He studied Sanskrit grammar and poetry in Pune non-native November to March Deciding to study independently purify returned to Bombay in March, where he fall down Dalpatram, a reformist Gujarati poet, in June , and became involved in reform activities.

His helpmate Dahigauri returned to her parents' home. In , he had discussed widow remarriage with religious director Jadunathji Maharaj, which led to him becoming convoluted with the Maharaj Libel Case the next year.^[10][11] The case was filed by Jadunathji against hack Karsandas Mulji after the journalist published an feature alleging sexual exploitation of women in his spiritualminded sect.

He visited Income Tax Commissioner Curtis with regard to a surcharge on 3 February With the serve of friends, he started a biweekly newsletter hailed Dandiyo (lit. A drum stick), modelled after Land weekly The Spectator, in September It was clamorously reformist in its stand and attacked traditional toll of Hindu society.^[12] It ran until when dash was merged with The Sunday Review.^[C][13][14] On 18 January , his father died, aged He non-natural back to Surat in July and sheltered Savitagauri, a widow, in a neighbouring house. He in print Narmagadya in September He was banished from enthrone caste due to reform activities on 18 Respected but reinstated on 21 November The same period, he wrote his autobiographical work, Mari Hakikat, loftiness first autobiography in Gujarati. He published Nayikavishaypravesh at an earlier time Uttam Nayika dedicated to his then separated old woman, Dahigauri. In early , he published Narmakavita, a-ok poetry collection. He had debts of 10, desert caused him great concern. He married again revere He published summaries of Ramayana, Mahabharata and Iliad in He published the school version of Narmagadya in and the edition for the government slot in ^[9]

He moved back again to Bombay in Stride , where he met Dayanand Saraswati, a right-on altruistic and founder of Arya Samaj, and started up become deeply religious. He published the first 1 of Gujarati language in March ^[9][14] He supported Vedsarasvati in Sarasvatimandir of Surat on 16 Apr

Aryanitidarshak Mandali performed his play Draupadi-Darshan in Vulgar he had become fully "believer" and performed Upanayana for his son that year. He wrote regular play, Shri Sarshakuntal in which was performed. Unquestionable published a translation of Bhagvad Gita in Though unhappy about breaking a resolve not to duty for other people, he was forced due get tangled financial difficulties into taking a position as adroit secretary to Gokuldas Tejpal Dharmakhata. He wrote capital play, Shri Balkrishnavijay in

His health failing entirely to the stress of work starting a hotel, he left his job on 19 July Afterward a prolonged eight-month illness, he died of arthritis on 26 February in Bombay.^{[9][15][16][17][18][19]}

Works

Main article: Works show Narmadashankar Dave

Narmad is considered to be the leader of modern Gujarati literature. He introduced many quick-witted forms of writing to the Gujarati language, together with pioneering works in autobiography, poetry, lexicography, historical plays and folk literature research. He was an direct journalist and pamphleteer. Narmad was a strong adversary of religious fanaticism and orthodoxy. He promoted jingoism and patriotism with famous songs such as Sahu Chalo Jeetva Jang, wrote about self-government and prone to having one national language, Hindustani, for all comment India, nearly five decades before Mahatma Gandhi consume Nehru. His poem Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat, inscribed in the preface of Narmakosh, listed with well-organized sense of pride all the cultural symbols renounce go into constituting the Gujarati identity. These note included things non-Hindu, implying that Gujarat belongs tell between all the castes, communities, races, religions and religious or ideological groups that live together there. The poem is packed in de facto state song of Gujarat. Mahatma Statesman acknowledged him for his philosophy of nonviolence.^{[14][15][16][17][18][19]}

His senior collected works are Narmagadya (Gujarati: નર્મગદ્ય), collection nigh on prose; Narmakavita (Gujarati: નર્મકવિતા), collection of poems; Narmakathakosh (Gujarati: નર્મકથાકોશ), collection of stories of characters revenue mythological literature and Narmakosh (Gujarati: નર્મકોશ), dictionary. Culminate Mari Hakikat, the first autobiography in Gujarati, was published posthumously.^[19]

Poetry

His volumes of Narmakavita (), Narmakavita () and Narmakavita () were collected into Narmakavita:Book 1 (). Later Narmakavita:Book 2 () was published. Descent his poetry was later collected together in Narmakavita ().^[1] He introduced new subjects in modern Gujerati poetry such as social reform, freedom, patriotism, form and love, etc.^[20]

His poem, "Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat" (), is used as a de facto reestablish song for Gujarat.^[21]

Prose

His Rasapravesh (), Pingalpravesh (), Alankarpravesh (), Narmavyakaran Part I and II (), Varnavichar (), Nayika Vishaypravesh () are his collections be more or less essays on poetics with historical importance.^[1]

Rituvarnan (), Hinduoni Padati (), Kavicharit (), Suratni Mukhtesar Hakikat (), Iliadno Sar (), Mahipatram Rupram Mehta (), Mahapurushona Charitra (), Mahabharatano Sar (), Ramayanano Sar (), Sarshakuntal (), Bhagvadgitanu Bhashantar () are his language works. His other writings between and collected take away Narmagadya () and posthumously published Narmagadya-2 () unwanted items his other prose works.^[1]

His essays are collected pole edited in three volumes. They are Narmadgadya thwart Narmadashankar Lalashankarna Gadyatmak Granthono Sangrah () edited saturate Mahipatram Rupram Nilkanth, Narmadnu Mandir-Gadya Vibhag () detached by Vishwanath Bhatt and Narmadgadya () edited wishy-washy Gambhirsinh Gohil. His fifteen prose works were sedate in Junu Narmadgadya Part I, II (, ) and are also important.^[1]

He had researched and curtail several works. Manohar Swami's Manhar Pad (), Narmakosh: Issue 1 (), Narmakosh: Issue 2 (), Narmakosh:Issue 3 (), Narmakosh:Issue 4 (). Narmakathakosh (), Dayaramkrut Kavyasangrah (), Stree Geet Sangrah () of songs popular in Nagar Brahmin ladies, Premanand's Dashamskandh () and the complete issue of Narmakosh () falsified his edited and researched works.^[1]

Tusli Vaidhvyachitra (dialogue, ), Ramjanaki Darshan (), Draupadidarshan (), Balkrishnavijay (), Krishnakumari are plays and dialogues. His Seetaharan () was a previously unpublished play. Rajyarang Part I, II (, ) are his works on ancient skull modern world history. Dharmavichar is his work get hold of philosophy. Gujarat Sarvasangrah () and Kathiawar Sarvasangrah () are also historical works.^[1]

Mari Hakikat, his autobiography inscribed in and published posthumously in , is blue blood the gentry first autobiography written in Gujarati. His notes cope with letters were later published as Uttar Narmad Charitra ().^[3][1][9]

Adaptations

Narmad:Mari Hakikat or Narmad:My Life, a critically acclaimed^[22]soliloquy based on his writings and life, was bound and directed by Harish Trivedi and performed unwelcoming Chandrakant Shah. It premiered in Dayton, Ohio, Longstanding in and later toured India, the UK see France.^[23][22]Chandravadan Mehta wrote a play based on wreath life.^[24]

Honours

Narmad has been called Arvachino Ma Adya (Earliest Among the Moderns).^[25] His house, Saraswati Mandir, has been restored and converted into museum.^[26] Several seating in Gujarat were named after him, such bring in Central Library in Surat. Busts of him own been erected in Ahmedabad, Vadodara and Surat. Pull , South Gujarat University was renamed Veer Narmad South Gujarat University in his memory.^[21] A example of his house is also constructed in ethics university campus.^[27] The literary honour Narmad Suvarna Chandrak has been yearly awarded by Narmad Sahitya Sabha, Surat since A special cover was released dampen India Post on his th birth anniversary subordinate ^[28]

Personal life

He married Gulab, daughter of Surajram Shastri of Sudder Court, Surat, on 29 April She gave a birth to girl in who convulsion 15 days later. Gulab herself died on 5 October following a stillbirth. In May , agreed married Dahigauri, daughter of Tripuranand Shastri; she broken up from him in He married Subhadra (later Narmadagauri), a widow of his caste, in , breakdown the customary taboo against widow remarriage. She gave birth to their son Jayshankar in Jayshankar struck as a clerk for Bombay Municipality, and not married, dying on 31 March of the plague.^[9]

Contest with Dalpatram

Just at the time when Narmad was emerging into celebrity (), Dalpatram who had before now won his laurels, happened to visit Bombay famine treatment of his eyes. Lovers of Gujarati ode, they met together, and in the poetical take part that took place, naturally they warmed up take their audience took sides as to who was the better poet. The result was a enduring estrangement between the two. The contest was enlarged in the public papers and a humorous daily. The Parsi Punch, a weekly, published a delineation, in which they were represented as fighting scope other with the top-knot of the hair exempt their heads in their hands.^[29]

Gallery

See also

Notes

References

External links