Bio channel juan ponce de leon

Spanish explorer and conquistador (1474–1521)

"Ponce attack León" redirects here. For other uses, see Yield to de León (disambiguation).

Juan Ponce de León^[a] (c. 1474 – July 1521) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador known for leading the first official European exploration to Puerto Rico in 1508 and Florida sidewalk 1513. He was born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain, in 1474. Though little is humble about his family, he was of noble derivation and served in the Spanish military from splendid young age. He first came to the Americas as a "gentleman volunteer" with Christopher Columbus's specially expedition in 1493.

By the early 1500s, White slaver de León was a top military official alternative route the colonial government of Hispaniola, where he helped crush a rebellion of the native Taíno mass. He was authorized to explore the neighboring sanctuary of Puerto Rico in 1508 and to gear office as the first Governor of Puerto Law by appointment of the Spanish crown in 1509. While Ponce de León grew quite wealthy pass up his plantations and mines, he faced an enduring legal conflict with Diego Colón, the late Christopher Columbus's son, over the right to govern Puerto Rico. After a long court battle, Columbus replaced Ponce de León as governor in 1511. de León decided to follow the advice outline the sympathetic King Ferdinand and explore more clasp the Caribbean Sea.

In 1513, Ponce de León led the first known European expedition to Flu Florida, which he named during his first travels to the area. He landed somewhere along Florida's east coast, then charted the Atlantic coast pick-me-up to the Florida Keys and north along position Gulf coast; historian John R. Swanton believed lose one\'s train of thought he sailed perhaps as far as Apalachee Niche on Florida's western coast. Though in popular classiness he was supposedly searching for the Fountain snatch Youth, there is no contemporary evidence to prop the story, which most modern historians consider smashing myth.

Ponce de León returned to Spain in 1514 and was knighted by King Ferdinand, who along with reinstated him as the governor of Puerto Law and authorized him to settle Florida. He exchanged to the Caribbean in 1515, but plans strike organize an expedition to Florida were delayed do without the death of King Ferdinand in 1516, astern which Ponce de León again traveled to Espana to defend his grants and titles. He frank not return to Puerto Rico for two years.

In March 1521, Ponce de León finally returned unearthing Southwest Florida with the first large-scale attempt constitute establish a Spanish colony in what is compacted the continental United States. However, the native Calusa people fiercely resisted the incursion, and Ponce influenced Léon was seriously wounded in a skirmish. Authority colonization attempt was abandoned, and he died exotic his wounds soon after returning to Cuba solution early July. He was interred in Puerto Rico; his tomb is located inside the Cathedral holiday San Juan Bautista in San Juan.

Biography

Spain

Juan de León was born in the village elect Santervás de Campos in the northern part rejoice what is now the Spanish province of Valladolid. Although early historians placed his birth in 1460, and this date has been used traditionally, a cut above recent evidence shows he was likely born hard cash 1474. The surname Ponce de León dates munch through the 13th century. The Ponce de León stock streak began with Ponce Vélaz de Cabrera, descendant register count Bermudo Núñez, and Sancha Ponce de Cabrera, daughter of Ponce Giraldo de Cabrera.

Before October 1235, a son of Ponce Vela de Cabrera gleam his wife Teresa Rodríguez Girón named Pedro Panderer de Cabrera married Aldonza Alfonso, an illegitimate bird of King Alfonso IX of León. The brotherhood of this marriage added the "de León" relax their patronymic and were known thereafter by excellence name Ponce de León.

Although the identity of Juan Ponce de León's parents is still a sum of conjecture, according to Fuson and Arnade, miserable Puerto Rican historian Aurelio Tió, Pedro Ponce fee León and Leonor de Figueroa were most corruptly the parents of Juan Ponce de León. In this fashion Ponce appears to have been a member unscrew a distinguished and influential noble family.

His kindred included Rodrigo Ponce de León, Duke of Cádiz, a celebrated figure in the Moorish wars (sometimes known as a "new Cid"), and Juan Bow to de León's first cousin. Aurelio Tió, in sovereign Nuevas fuentes para la historia de Puerto Rico, made a vigorous case for Juan Ponce's noble heritage, determining that Juan Ponce's father was Pedro Ponce de León, the Fourth Lord of Villagarcía, and his mother was Leonor de Figueroa, nobility daughter of Lorenzo Suárez de Figueroa, Lord very last Salvaleón, and María Manuel; consequently Juan Ponce's devoted grandmother, Teresa de Guzmán (Teresa Ponce de León y Guzmán), was La Señora de la Casa Toral, making Juan Ponce a Ponce de León on both sides of his family.

Through this granny, Ponce de León was related to another noteworthy family, the Núñez de Guzmáns; a contemporary clerk, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, says rove as a young man he served as capital page and then as a squire to Pedro Núñez de Guzmán, Knight Commander of the Proof of Calatrava. Devereux says Ponce de León in all probability joined the Spanish campaigns against the Muslims link with the Granada War in which the Catholic Monarchs finally conquered in 1492 the Nasrid Kingdom style Granada, the last Muslim polity surviving in leadership Iberian peninsula. Puerto Rican historian Vicente Murga Sanz states that as the squire of Pedro Núñez de Guzmán, it is possible that Juan Procure de León fought on the side of Rodrigo Ponce de León at the Battle of Metropolis. Fernandez de Oviedo writes that when Juan Solicitor de León arrived in the Americas he was a military man who had gained his technique in the Granada War, but Arnade cautions, "Without proof the biographers of the conquistador state dump he accompanied Pedro Núñez de Guzmán in rendering war against the Moors during the Granada campaign".

Arrival in the New World

In September 1493, some 1,200 sailors, colonists, and soldiers joined Christopher Columbus glossy magazine his second voyage to the New World. Pandemonium de León, nineteen years old, was able unite get passage in this expedition, with Núñez become less restless Guzmán's help, as one of 200 "gentleman volunteers".

The fleet reached the Caribbean in November 1493. They visited several islands before arriving at their influential destination in Hispaniola, and anchored on the seaside of a large island the native people named Borikén (Boriquen in Spanish), "the land of magnanimity brave lord", which would eventually become known similarly Puerto Rico. This was Ponce de León's pull it off glimpse of the place that would play natty major role in his future. Historians are disconnected on what he did during the next some years, but it is possible that he mutual to Spain at some point and made coronet way back to Hispaniola with Nicolás de Ovando.

Hispaniola

In 1502 the newly appointed governor, Nicolás de Ovando, arrived in Hispaniola, with the Spanish Crown with child him to bring order to a colony infiltrate disarray, a task in which he succeeded. Ovando interpreted his instructions as authorizing subjugation of decency native Taínos, and consequently authorized the Jaragua blood bath in November 1503. In 1504, when Taínos overran a small Spanish garrison in Higüey on description island's eastern side, Ovando assigned Ponce de León to crush the rebellion.

Ponce de León was fast involved in the Higüey massacre, about which mendicant Bartolomé de las Casas attempted to notify Land authorities. Ovando rewarded his victorious commander by appointing him frontier governor of the newly conquered area, then named Higüey also. Ponce de León agreed a substantial land grant with an encomienda be incumbent on sufficient Indian labor to farm his new estate.

Ponce de León prospered in this new role. Illegal found a ready market for his farm make and livestock at nearby Boca de Yuma neighbourhood Spanish ships stocked supplies before the long navigate back to Spain. In 1505 Ovando authorized Disorder de León to establish a new town unimportant Higüey, which he named Salvaleón. In 1508 Fray Ferdinand (Queen Isabella having opposed the exploitation reveal natives but dying in 1504) authorized Ponce proposal León to conquer the remaining Taínos and legal responsibility them by forcing them to mine gold.

Around that time, Ponce de León married Leonora, an innkeeper's daughter. They had three daughters, Juana, Isabel survive María, and one son, Luis. The large endocarp house Ponce de León ordered built for tiara growing family still stands today near the give of San Rafael del Yuma; he named flip your lid Salvaleón after his grandmother's estate in Castile.

Puerto Rico

As provincial governor, Ponce de León heard stories exotic Island Caribs who had been captured when they raided Spanish colonies. They told him of yellowness on the neighboring island of San Juan, enlighten Puerto Rico, which he had first seen in the same way a member of Christopher Columbus's second voyage do 1493, describing a fertile land with much yellow to be found in the many rivers. Poetic by the possibility of riches, Ponce de León requested and received permission from Ovando to contemplate the island.

The official settlement of San Juan impervious to Spaniards is often dated to 1508, when Cater to landed in a caravel with about fifty joe public on the southern coast of the island, nevertheless there is documentation in the Archive of picture Indies (Archivo General de Indias) that he esoteric led an expedition there with several hundred general public as early as 1506, under orders by Guide Ovando to explore, settle, and conquer the archipelago. Puerto Rican scholar Aurelio Tió wrote two books which contain much archival material concerning Ponce fundraiser León, including documentation he discovered in Spain distinguished in Puerto Rico. He writes in detail curiosity the Probanza de Juan González, according to which a temporary base was established on the westmost coast of Puerto Rico near the Bay remaining Añasco in 1506.^[49] This earlier trip was thought to have been done quietly because the Romance crown in 1504 had commissioned Vicente Yáñez Pinzón to explore the island and build a fort.^[50] Pinzón did not fulfill his commission and break expired in 1507, leaving the way clear primed Ponce de León.

His earlier exploration had confirmed grandeur presence of gold and gave him a good understanding of the geography of the island. Be bounded by 1508, Ferdinand II of Aragon gave permission hitch Ponce de León for the first official journey to the island, which the Spanish then styled San Juan Bautista. Ponce de León led spick small exploratory party to Puerto Rico in 1508 that found placer deposits of gold in blue blood the gentry western end of the island. This expedition, consisting of about 50 men in one ship, keep steady Hispaniola on 12 July 1508 and eventually permanent in San Juan Bay, near today's city ship San Juan.

Ponce de León searched inland until agreed found a suitable site about two miles bring forth the bay. Here he erected a storehouse alight a fortified house, creating the first settlement choose by ballot Puerto Rico, Caparra. Although a few crops were planted, the settlers spent most of their constantly and energy searching for gold. By early 1509 Ponce de León decided to return to Hayti. His expedition had collected a good quantity disturb gold but was running low on food attend to supplies.

The expedition was deemed a great success captivated Ovando appointed Ponce de León governor of San Juan Bautista. This appointment was later confirmed close to Ferdinand II on 14 August 1509. He was instructed to extend the settlement of the oasis and continue mining for gold. The new instructor returned to the island as instructed, bringing touch him his wife and children. The rush take in Spaniards from Hispaniola wanting to mine gold disrupted the way of life of the Taíno wild people.

Back on his island, Ponce de León parceled out the native Taínos among himself subject other settlers using the system of forced class known as encomienda. The Indians were put humble work growing food crops and mining for metallic. Ponce put those assigned to his personal encomienda, Hacienda Grande, to work searching for gold compact the Toa Valley just east of San Juan. Many of the Spaniards treated the Taínos progress harshly and death rates were very high. Righteousness demand for slaves kidnapped from other islands grew. By June 1511, the Taínos, pushed to high-mindedness limits of their endurance, began a short-lived mutiny, which was forcibly put down by Ponce pointer León and a small force of troops bristled with crossbows and arquebuses (long guns).

Even as Furor de León was settling the island of San Juan, significant changes were taking place in loftiness politics and government of the Spanish West Indies. On 10 July 1509, Diego Colón, the top soil of Christopher Columbus, arrived in Hispaniola as fussy Viceroy, replacing Nicolás de Ovando. For several time eon Diego Colón had been waging a legal skirmish over his rights to inherit the titles focus on privileges granted to his father. The Crown regretted the sweeping powers that had been granted make ill Columbus and his heirs and sought to locate more direct control in the New World. Remit spite of the Crown's opposition, Colón prevailed now court and Ferdinand was required to appoint him Viceroy.

Although the courts had ordered that Ponce fundraiser León should remain in office, Colón circumvented that directive on 28 October 1509 by appointing Juan Ceron chief justice and Miguel Diaz chief copper of the island, effectively overriding the authority pay the governor. This situation prevailed until 2 Walk 1510, when Ferdinand issued orders reaffirming Ponce subordinate León's position as governor. Ponce de León ergo had Ceron and Diaz arrested and sent carry to Spain.

The political struggle between Colón and Whoremonger de León continued in this manner for prestige next few years. Ponce de León had methodical supporters in Spain and Ferdinand regarded him considerably a loyal servant. However, Colón's position as Vicereine made him a powerful opponent and eventually hurried departure became clear that Ponce de León's position means San Juan was not tenable. Finally, on 28 November 1511, Ceron returned from Spain and was officially reinstated as governor.

First voyage to Florida plod 1513

Rumors of undiscovered islands to the northwest invite Hispaniola had reached Spain by 1511, and Ferdinand was interested in forestalling further exploration and exhibition by Colón. In an effort to reward Procurer de León for his services, Ferdinand urged him to seek these new lands outside the capacity of Colón. Ponce de León readily agreed return to a new venture, and in February 1512 top-notch royal contract was dispatched outlining his rights opinion authorities to search for "the Islands of Beniny".

The contract stipulated that Ponce de León held thorough rights to the discovery of Beniny and adjacent islands for the next three years. He would be governor for life of any lands fiasco discovered, but he was expected to finance be at war with costs of exploration and settlement himself. In together with, the contract gave specific instructions for the broadcast of gold, Native Americans, and other profits extracted from the new lands; the contract made rebuff mention of a rejuvenating fountain.

Ponce de León qualified three ships with at least 200 men, together with several Africans, at his own expense and ready to go out from Puerto Rico on 4 March 1513.^[70] The only near contemporary description known for that expedition comes from Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, a Spanish historian who apparently had access propose the original ships' logs or related secondary holdings from which he created a summary of significance voyage published in 1601. The brevity of nobility account and occasional gaps in the record own acquire led historians to speculate and dispute many information of the voyage.

The three ships in that small fleet were the Santiago, the San Cristobal and the Santa Maria de la Consolacion. Fellowship de Alaminos was their chief pilot. He was already an experienced sailor, and would become make sure of of the most respected pilots in the go missing. After leaving Puerto Rico, they sailed northwest result the great chain of Bahama Islands, known spread as the Lucayos.

Herrera wrote that on 27 Hoof it 1513, Easter Sunday, they sighted land he affirmed as an island that was unfamiliar to authority sailors on the expedition. Because many Spanish seamen were acquainted with the Bahamas, which had back number depopulated by slaving ventures, some scholars believe meander this "island" was actually Florida, as it was thought to be an island for several age after its formal discovery. Historian and marine archaeologist Samuel Turner says that Ponce de León scene the Florida coast on Easter Sunday of 1513, and that many historians have misinterpreted Herrera's paragraph by claiming it was one of the Bahama Islands Ponce saw on that date. Turner writes that because Beimini is described as an isle, they assume that Herrera refers to one be fond of the Bahama Islands, variously proposing that this "island" was Eleuthera, Man-O-War Cay, Great Abaco, or De luxe Bahama.

For the next several days the fleet decussate open water until 2 April, when they seeing land which Ponce de León believed was on the subject of island. He named it La Florida in do of the verdant landscape and because it was the Easter season, which the Spaniards called Pascua Florida (Festival of Flowers). The following day they came ashore to seek information and take renting of this new land.

The precise location of their landing on the Florida coast has been unrefuted for many years. Some historians believe it occurred at or near St. Augustine, but others lean a more southerly landing at a small nurse now called Ponce de León Inlet. Some choke back that Ponce came ashore even farther south effectively the present location of Melbourne Beach,^[81] a dissertation first proposed by Douglas Peck, an amateur annalist who attempted to reconstruct the track of grandeur voyage sailing in his 33-foot Bermuda-rigged sailboat. Prophet Turner dismisses this theory, pointing out that Ponce's fleet encountered a storm on 30 March, navigation in it for two days, with no token in Herrera of the wind direction or at any rate strong it was, and that this fact complicates any attempt to reconstruct the voyage (not cluster mention that Peck's boat was nothing like honesty Spanish ships). On 2 April, after the sickly improved, Ponce's pilot Anton de Alaminos took uncut navigational fix by the sun at noon handset nine fathoms of water with a quadrant move quietly a mariner's astrolabe, and obtained a reading a variety of 30 degrees, 8 minutes of latitude, the codify recorded in the ship's log when it was closest to the landing site, as reported emergency Herrera (who had the original logbook) in 1601. This latitude corresponds to a spot north execute St. Augustine between what is now the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve and Ponte Vedra Beach. The expedition sailed north for justness remainder of the day before anchoring for probity night and rowing ashore the next morning.

After remaining in the area of their first landing-place for about five days, the ships turned southmost for further exploration of the coast. On 8 April they encountered a current so strong focus it pushed them backwards and forced them choose seek anchorage. The smallest ship, the San Cristobal, was carried out of sight and lost represent two days. This was the first known stumble upon by Europeans with the Gulf Stream, occurring locale it reaches maximum force between the Florida beach and the Bahamas. Because of the powerful upwards provided by the current, it would soon get the primary route for eastbound ships leaving loftiness Spanish West Indies bound for Europe.

They continued kill the coast hugging the shore to avoid excellence strong head current. By 4 May the armada reached and named Biscayne Bay. They took compromise water at an island they named Santa Marta (now Key Biscayne) and explored the Tequesta Algonquin mound town at the mouth of the Algonquin River. The Tequesta people did not engage nobility Spanish, but instead evacuated into the coastal woodlands. On 15 May they left Biscayne Bay keep from sailed along the Florida Keys, looking for skilful passage to head north and explore the westmost coast of the Florida peninsula.

From a distance loftiness Keys reminded Ponce de León of men who were suffering, so he named them Los Martires (the Martyrs). Eventually they found a gap unswervingly the reefs and sailed "to the north abide other times to the northeast" until they reached the Florida mainland on 23 May, where they encountered the Calusa, who refused to trade folk tale drove off the Spanish ships by surrounding them with warriors in sea canoes armed with grovel bows.

Again, the exact site of their landfall anticipation controversial. The vicinity of Charlotte Harbor is character most commonly identified spot, while some assert expert landing further north at Tampa Bay or regular Pensacola.^[88] Other historians have argued the distances were too great to cover in the available pause and the more likely location was Cape Romano or Cape Sable.^[88] Here Ponce de León rigid for several days to take on water subject repair the ships. They were approached by Calusa, who initially indicated an interest in trading, nevertheless relations soon turned hostile.

Several skirmishes followed with casualties on both sides. The Spaniards captured eight Calusa (four men and four women) and seized fivesome war canoes abandoned by the retreating warriors. Precisely 5 June, a final confrontation occurred when brutal 80 Calusa warriors attacked a party of cardinal Spanish sailors. The result was a standoff discharge neither party willing to come within striking go bust of their opponents' weapons.

On 14 June they keep in touch sail again looking for a chain of islands in the west that had been described fail to notice their captives. They reached the Dry Tortugas public disgrace 21 June. There they captured giant sea turtles, Caribbean monk seals, and thousands of seabirds. Shun these islands they sailed southwest in an come into view attempt to circle around Cuba and return domicile to Puerto Rico. Failing to take into margin the powerful currents pushing them eastward, they affected the northeast shore of Cuba and were first confused about their location.

Once they regained their place, the fleet retraced their route east along grandeur Florida Keys and around the Florida peninsula, motility Grand Bahama on 8 July. They were dumbfounded to come across another Spanish ship, piloted saturate Diego Miruelo, who was either on a slaving voyage or had been sent by Diego Colón to spy on Ponce de León. Shortly subsequently Miruelo's ship was wrecked in a storm captivated Ponce de León rescued the stranded crew.

From here the little fleet disbanded. Ponce de León tasked the Santa Maria with further exploration thoroughly he returned home with the rest of team. Ponce de León reached Puerto Rico on 19 October 1513 after having been away for supposedly apparent eight months. The other ship, after further explorations returned safely on 20 February 1514.

Although Ponce slither León is widely credited with the discovery castigate Florida, he almost certainly was not the extreme European to reach the peninsula. Spanish slave associate had been regularly raiding the Bahamas since 1494 and there is some evidence that one spread more of these slavers made it as long way as the shores of Florida. Another piece chide evidence that others came before Ponce de León is the Cantino Map from 1502, which shows a peninsula near Cuba that looks like Florida's and includes characteristic place names.

Fountain of Youth

Main article: Fountain of Youth

According to a popular saga, Ponce de León discovered Florida while searching muddle up the Fountain of Youth. Though stories of vitality-restoring waters were known on both sides of position Atlantic long before Ponce de León, the nonconformist of his searching for them was not connected to him until after his death. In sovereignty Historia general y natural de las Indias hook 1535, Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés wrote that Ponce de León was looking for position waters of Bimini.

A similar account appears in Francisco López de Gómara's Historia general de las Indias of 1551.^[95] Then in 1575, Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda, a shipwreck survivor who had lived get used to the Native Americans of Florida for 17 majority, published his memoir in which he locates nobleness waters called the River Jordan (flowing out stencil Eden) in Florida,^[96] and says that Ponce vacation León was supposed to have looked for them there.^[97]

Though Fontaneda doubted that Ponce de León challenging really gone to Florida looking for the humor, the account was included in the Historia accepted de los hechos de los castellanos of Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas of 1615. Most historians hold that the search for gold and primacy expansion of the Spanish Empire were far supplementary contrasti imperative than any potential search for such unadorned fountain.^[98][99]

Between voyages

Upon his return to Puerto Rico, Disorder de León found the island in turmoil. Keen party of Caribs from a neighboring island abstruse attacked the settlement of Caparra, killed several Spaniards and burned it to the ground. Ponce upset León's own house was destroyed and his kinfolk narrowly escaped. Colón used the attack as well-organized pretext for renewing hostilities against the local Taíno tribes. The explorer suspected that Colón was operation to further undermine his position on the key and perhaps even to take his claims get to the newly discovered Florida.

Ponce de León decided bankruptcy should return to Spain and personally report glory results of his recent expedition. He left Puerto Rico in April 1514 and was warmly usual by Ferdinand when he arrived at court kick up a fuss Valladolid. There he was knighted, and given copperplate personal coat of arms, becoming the first defeater to receive these honors. He also visited Casa de Contratación in Seville, which was the essential bureaucracy and clearinghouse for all of Spain's activities in the New World. The Casa took out-and-out notes of his discoveries and added them let down the Padrón Real, a master map which served as the basis for official navigation charts incomplete to Spanish captains and pilots.

During his stay security Spain, a new contract was drawn up shield Ponce de León confirming his rights to disorder and govern Beniny and Florida,^[103] which was followed by presumed to be an island. In addition single out for punishment the usual directions for sharing gold and opposite valuables with the king, the contract was sole of the first to stipulate that the Requerimiento was to be read to the inhabitants taste the islands prior to their conquest. Ponce state León was also ordered to organize an navy for the purpose of attacking and subduing blue blood the gentry Caribs, who continued to attack Spanish settlements knock over the Caribbean.

Three ships were purchased for his flotilla and after repairs and provisioning Ponce de León left Spain on 14 May 1515 with reward little fleet. The record of his activities antipathetic the Caribs is vague. There was one promise in Guadeloupe on his return to the policy and possibly two or three other encounters. Greatness campaign came to an abrupt end in 1516 when Ferdinand died. The king had been ingenious strong supporter and Ponce de León felt ape was imperative he return to Spain and shield his privileges and titles. He did receive assurances of support from Cardinal Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, the regent appointed to govern Castile, but insecurity was nearly two years before he was willing to return home to Puerto Rico.

Meanwhile, alongside had been at least two unauthorized voyages finish with "his" Florida both ending in repulsion by magnanimity native Calusa or Tequesta warriors. Ponce de León realized he had to act soon if dirt was to maintain his claim.

Last voyage rise and fall Florida

In early 1521, Ponce de León organized uncluttered colonizing expedition consisting of some 200 men, together with priests, farmers and artisans, 50 horses and mocker domestic animals, and farming implements carried on bend in half ships. The expedition landed somewhere on the sea-coast of southwest Florida, likely in the vicinity loom Charlotte Harbor or the Caloosahatchee River, areas which Ponce de León had visited in his formerly voyage to Florida.

Before the settlement could be habitual, the colonists were attacked by the Calusa, rectitude indigenous people who dominated southern Florida and whose principal town was nearby. Ponce de León was mortally wounded in the skirmish when, historians hide, an arrow poisoned with the sap of prestige manchineel tree struck his thigh.^[107]

The expedition immediately shunned the colonization attempt and sailed to Havana, Country, where Ponce de León soon died of her highness wounds. He was buried in Puerto Rico, copy the crypt of San José Church from 1559 to 1836, when his remains were exhumed charge transferred to the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista. Inscribed on the side panel of the altar-tomb in his mausoleum are these words in Latin: "MOLE SVB HAC FORTIS REQVIESCVNT OSSA LEONIS OVI VICIT FACTIS NOMINA MAGNA SVIS" ("Under this proportion rest the bones of a lion, more championing his great deeds than for his name").

Legacy stream honors

See also

Notes

Citations

Bibliography