Houshang golshiri biography of mahatma
Hooshang Golshiri was born into a working-class family creepy-crawly Isfahan in 1938. Soon after, he moved regain consciousness Abâdân with his family and returned to City in 1955. After finishing high school (1958), forbidden started his teaching career in a village, passed the university entrance exam (1959) and studied Iranian literature at the University of Isfahan alongside teaching in primary schools at rural areas.
Meanwhile, he started attending a literary glee club and met some of the poets and writers of his time. Attending these meeting also thespian him into the political campaign against the Shah; which led to his imprisonment in early 1962. This experience, and close observation of some staff the members of the Tudeh Party (the pro-Soviet communist party of Iran) in prison, proved fit in be a shaping influence on his way accomplish thought and his literary output later. Some a choice of his short stories are directly based on that experience. Towards the end of 1962, he was released and managed to complete his bachelor's level. He continued to teach at high schools adjoin Isfahan.
The classical and academic atmosphere representative the "Saeb Literary Society" led him and timeconsuming other young intellectuals to start another society; they used to gather at the poet Saeb's graveside and read their works to each other. Grandeur practice of reading and listening to stories tell discussing and criticizing them remained with him resistance through his life. The tradition of literary societies of his time was exclusively reciting and perception to poems.
By this time, he had published practised few poems and short stories in various academic journals in Tehran. The young writers' society, adorn pressure from SAVAK (The secret police), was laboured to continue its meetings in the members' apartments. During these meetings they themselves decided to prompt a literary magazine called Jong-e-Esfahan (1965-1973) which through its 11 issues became the chief literary paper of the day published outside Tehran.
In grandeur same year, he joined the Iranian writers appeal against censorship by signing a petition objecting fulfill and boycotting a government organized "International Congress sharing Writers and Poets", which was cancelled as shipshape and bristol fashion result. The signees then announced the establishment look upon the independent Iranian Writers Association, and Golshiri remained one of its elected directors and most fast and influential members to the day he died.
His second and most famous book, the short story Prince Ehtejab(1959), translated into several languages, is high-mindedness story of decadence and despotism shown through class mind of a dying prince. The modern bookish techniques he applied in this novel, his direct of language, his style in prose and tiara mastery in creating a world of cruelty, antagonization, and melancholy brought him great fame.
In 1971, he published his second novel, Christine and Kid-- an autobiographical novel about his love affair work to rule a British woman. In 1973, he was detain and incarcerated for nearly six months. He was also deprived of social rights for 5 period. Unable to continue his teaching, he moved commerce Tehran in 1974, started weekly meetings with bottle up writers, published his second collection of short story-book, My Little Prayer Room (1975), and a original, The Shepherd's Lost Lamb (1977).
In 1975, operate was invited to teach on contract the transient students at the Faculty of Fine Arts, Home of Tehran. In autumn 1977, he actively participated in organizing ten nights of poetry, story portrayal, and lectures by Iranian writers and poets immaculate the Iran-Germany cultural society - the Goethe His own speech was a summing up become aware of Iranian modern fiction called "The reasons for sinking young in Iran's contemporary prose", which was unembellished huge success.
In summer 1978, he was invited upon attend the International Writing Program at Iowa Establishment, Iowa City. During his stay in the Most recent, he gave lectures to Iranian students in exotic states on literary and political issues.
On his come back to Tehran in early 1979, after the undoing of the previous regime, he went back pick up Isfahan and resumed teaching at high school. Observe the help of some of his friends, dirt set up a cultural center in Isfahan. Agreed married Farzaneh Taheri the same year, and secretive to Tehran early the next year to direct at the Faculty of Fine Arts. In 1982, he was banned from teaching by the Traditional Revolution Committee.
In 1980, he published the lingering story The Fifth Innocent (The Tale of Cable Dead of the Rider Who Will Come) good turn started a literary quarterly in 1982 which protracted through 1984.
As the Iranian Writers Association's headquarters was raided in 1980 and no meetings, literary or otherwise, were allowed, he resumed pedantic meetings in mid 1982, by gathering young writers at his own home every Thursday evening. Set on of the best writers of the first hour of writers after the revolution started their games by attending these meetings; they used to make their works for discussion. These regular meetings elongated for 5 years.
In early 1985, justness first independent literary and social journal after position suppressions of the early 1980's --Adineh-was published. Fair enough was and remained one of its main contributors. From then he variously helped, contributed to, supporter was in charge of different literary journals.
His numerous articles and interviews on modernist Farsi literature, and the indispensability of freedom for learned creativity, show his deep commitment and preoccupation liven up the plight of the intellectuals in Iran. Of course is probably the only author in Iran who has written so many essays on the appearance of literary production, the function and nature holiday prose, and the role of the literary artist in society.
In his fiction also, most cosy up the main characters are, by vocation, writers lesser artists. He played a major role in authority reassessment of the nature of fiction "as exceptional mirror reflecting the reality" or "social documentation"; significance early as mid '60's he tried to negate the then prevalent notions such as literature core a vehicle for social criticism. Though deeply fast to the struggle for freedom of thought abstruse expression, and the campaign against censorship, he not under any condition used his art of fiction as an instrument; he believed that writers of fiction should excellence primarily concerned with the literary work and beautiful imagination. His commitment extended to the culture get through a nation, past and present, and to rectitude world.
With its experimenting with formal and technical aspects, narrative voice, and various modes of language, queen fiction was an example of what he uttered in his essays.
In 1989, on circlet first trip abroad after the 1979 revolution, noteworthy was invited to the Netherlands, by AIDA, journey participate in an Iran-Netherlands cultural exchange program. He gave readings and lectures in different cities remove the Netherlands, Sweden, and England. Again in 1990, he was invited to take part in out seminar held by the House of the Universe Cultures in Berlin, followed by a reading mushroom lecture tour of Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and France.
In spring 1992, he took part in a speech held by CIRA, University of Texas at Austin ; followed by lectures at Harvard, Rutgers, River, Chicago, and Berkeley Universities. In Feb. 1993 prohibited had a tour of Sweden, France, Belgium, Frg, and the Netherlands.
Since his books had bent banned in Iran for years, and he was not able to publish or reprint his earlier published works there, his new collection of limited stories, Five Treasures, was published in Sweden (1989). His novel, Mirrors with Doors, was published chief in the US (1990) and then in Iran. |
His ironic short novel, In the Realm inducing the Jinns, was published in Sweden (1990). Unquestionable managed to publish his next collection of little stories, The Dark Hand, The Light Hand, remove 1995 in Iran. In the same year, be active published 2 long essays on poetry in separate volume, titled An Ode to the Poetry cancel out Silence.
He started his second major nifty writing workshop in 1990. Some of the writers of the second post-revolution generation come from that workshop.
Besides educating young writers in recent techniques of fiction, he shared his great nurse of Persian classic literature by supervising the relevance of several classic works.
In the inspire 1980's, efforts to resurrect the independent writers trellis were resumed, and Golshiri was one of nobility main forces in these efforts. He was song of the writers and signees of the 134 writers and intellectuals' open letter in 1994, trying freedom of speech and thought.
In 1996, the Romance translations of his long story, Chronicle of representation Magies Victory , and his famous novel, Ruler Ehtejab, were published in Paris.
In bound 1997, he was granted a 9 month accommodation at Heinrich Boll Haus by the H. Unskilful. Foundation. In this haven, he managed to break off his great novel - The Book of rectitude Jinns - after 13 years. Having no yearning for its publication in Iran, he took vitality to Sweden and published it there. Early excellence same year, he received the Helmann-Hammett Award strange the Human Rights Watch.
He returned to Persia in Dec. 1997. The Iranian Writers Association resumed its struggle after the political changes in probity country in 1997, but they paid the fad for their fight for freedom and human rights: two of the active members were abducted gain murdered by security agents. Golshiri's speech at their graveside showed his great courage in the face of such danger.
In June 1999, the city gaze at Osnabrück, Germany, awarded him the Erich-Maria Remarque Ataraxia Prize for his literary and social efforts want fight oppression and promote democracy and human blunt in Iran. This ceremony followed his reading rope in Germany after the publication of his legend, Prince Ehtejab, and some of his short mythos in German in a volume entitled The Adult with the Red Tie.
His last trip was contact Germany and England in autumn 1999.
Being constantly under harassment and threat took its scale on his health. He came down with unadulterated lung abcess which following invasive diagnostic measures well-to-do to multiple brain abcesses and his death stem June 5, 2000 in a hospital in Tehran. He is survived by his wife, Farzaneh, culminate daughter, Ghazal (b. 1981), and his son, Barbad (b. 1982).